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Growing up, I've always heard it being referred to as "aches in the bones" or "arthritis kicking up" indicating that rain or bad weather was coming.
As I've gotten older, I find that any injury or physical ailment is affected by barometric pressure, but they seem to be affected in different ways. I've noted that arthritis, bursitis, other bone related ailments appear to be affected by a change in the weather whereas a soft tissue injury (including headaches) tends to be affected by a change in the time of day due to the fact that atmospheric pressure is lighter at night compared to during daylight hours, thus swelling is more prominent when the sun goes down. It doesn't mean that the pains are not there from all the various ailments regardless of the day, it's just that some pains are more noticeable than others at certain time.
So, with all of that said, if you have arthritis, then yes, you will tend to feel the rain coming.
Sorry if that TMI 😅